DEXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) is the gold standard for osteoporosis detection. Bone densitometry is a safe, painless study that measures the amount of bone mineral content in specific areas of the body. The exam uses small amounts of x-ray to produce images of the spine or wrist where most osteoporotic fractures occur. A computer determines from these differences how much bone mineral is present.

By measuring bone mineral density, a DEXA scan provides information on bone health that is used to:

• • Detect the presence of osteoporosis in men and women with particular risk factors
• • Screen for osteoporosis, particularly in women making decisions about hormone replacement therapy at menopause
• • Predict future fracture risk so prevention therapy can be started
• • Monitor bone density in those with low normal levels and in those with osteoporosis undergoing treatment

The amount of radiation a DEXA scan emits is only a fraction of that received during a standard chest x-ray. Although exposure is very low, be sure to inform the technologist if there is a chance of pregnancy.

• • Unless instructed otherwise, eat normally on the day of the scan. Avoid taking calcium supplements for at least 24 hours prior to your scan.
• • Wear loose, comfortable clothing. Sweat suits and other casual attire without zippers, buttons, grommets or any metal are preferred.
• • You should not have had a barium study, radioisotope injection, oral or intravenous contrast material from a CT scan or MRI within seven days prior to your DEXA test.

DEXA bone densitometry is a simple, non-invasive procedure. Once on the table, you may be asked to hold an awkward position for a short time while the arm of the machine passes over your body taking measurements. It is important that you stay as still as possible during the procedure to ensure a clear, useful image. No anesthesia is required. The procedure is painless, and radiation exposure is minimal.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue which leads to reduced bone strength, poor bone quality and an increased risk of fractures, especially of the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis symptoms are rarely evident until significant bone loss has occurred. The disease, however, is treatable and preventable. Early diagnosis and monitoring through bone density testing allows for therapeutic intervention and has improved the prognosis for patients.

The disease poses a major public health threat for more than 50% of people over age 50. While women make up 80% of those with the disease, it is clearly not just a women’s issue. All adults should consider having a bone density test around age 35. This would provide an objective baseline against which future bone status can be compared.